CB - DBIO - Artigos publicados em periódicos

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Pro-and anticonvulsant effects of the ant dinoponera quadriceps (Kempf) venom in mice
(Springer, 2015) Ferreira, Diana Aline Nôga Morais; Cagni, Fernanda Carvalho; Santos, J. R.; Silva, D.; Azevedo, D. L. O.; Araújo, Arrilton; Silva, R. H.; Ribeiro, A. M.
Epilepsy affects at least 50 million people worldwide, and the available treatment is associated with various side effects. Approximately 20–30% of the patients develop seizures that persist despite careful monitored treatment with antiepileptic drugs. Thus, there is a clear need for the development of new antiepileptic drugs, and the venoms can be an excellent source of probes. In this context, while there are studies on venoms from snakes, scorpions, and spiders, little is known regarding venom from ants. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential pro- and anticonvulsant effects of the venom from the ant Dinoponera quadriceps (Kempf) in Swiss mice. After the injection of the crude venom (DqTx—5, 50, and 500 mg/mL) in the lateral ventricle of mice, we observed a reduction of exploration and grooming behaviors, as well as an increase in immobility duration. In addition, the crude venom induced procursive behavior and tonicclonic seizures at the highest concentration. Conversely, the preadministration of the denatured venom (AbDq) at the concentration of 2 mg/mL protected the animals against tonic-clonic seizures (66.7%) and death (100%) induced by administration of bicuculline. Taken together, the findings demonstrate that D. quadriceps venom might be potential source of new pro- and anticonvulsants molecules
Body weight of wild and captive common marmosets (callithrix jacchus)
(Springer Velag, 2000) Araújo, Arrilton; Arruda, M. F.; Alencar, A. I.; Albuquerque, F.; Nascimento, M. C.; Yamamoto, M. E.
Captive studies and occasional trappings of wild individuals indicate that callitrichids have small size and body weight and lack sexual dimorphism. We compared body weights of captive and wild Callithrix jacchus obtained by repeatedly weighing subjects from two populations in Brazil. We obtained captive data by routinely weighing 138 individuals from the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte colony and wild data via regular trapping of 243 individuals in 15 free-ranging groups from IBAMA’s field site in Nı´sia Floresta. We assigned all subjects to one of four age classes—infant, juvenile, subadult, and adult—according to their birth dates or size, reproductive status, and dental development. There is no significant difference between males and females in any of the four age classes, but captive subjects were heavier than wild ones in all age classes but infant. Reproductive and nonreproductive adult females showed no statistical difference in weight. These results accord with previous reports of lack of body size sexual dimorphism in common marmosets and suggest that differences between wild and captive common marmosets are not constitutional, but are instead a consequence of diet and physical activity. The absence of weight difference between reproductive and nonreproductive females suggests that any possible advantage from high rank is outweighed by the costs of reproduction in common marmosets
Changes in sleep habits and knowledge after an educational sleep program in 12th grade students
(Wiley, 2013) Sousa, Ivanise Cortez; Souza, Jane Carla; Louzada, Fernando Mazzilli; Azevedo, Carolina Virginia Macêdo
The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of an education program using the meaningful learning approach on sleep knowledge and habits of 12th grade students. Thirty-four student volunteers (aged 16.8 0.6 years) were divided into intervention (Sleep Education Program – SEP) and control groups. Sleep knowledge and habits were assessed by the “health and sleep” questionnaire. Also, the students filled out a sleep diary and the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale by one week (Stage 1). These procedures were repeated 3 weeks after the SEP (Stage 2) that was evaluated by a questionnaire. The SEP consisted of five 50-minute classes to discuss the physiological and behavioral processes of sleep and healthy lifestyle. At Stage 2, the intervention group increased the percentage of correct responses in 63% of the questions. On weekdays, they increased time in bed by 26 min, woke up 11 min later and showed a tendency to go to bed 18 min earlier (P = 0.07). On weekends, they advanced bedtime and wake-up times. These changes were associated with decreased irregularity at bedtimes and wake up times. These results were not observed in the control group, except the advance on wake up time on weekends. The frequency and duration of naps and daytime sleepiness levels did not differ between the stages for both groups. The SEP increased knowledge and contributed to positive changes in the adolescents’ sleep-wake cycle (SWC). However, daytime sleepiness levels remained unchanged probably due to an insufficient reduction on sleep deprivation to decrease its negative consequences
Changes in the suprachiasmatic nucleus during aging: implications for biological rhythms
(2013) Engelberth, Rovena C. G. J.; Pontes, André L. Bezerra de; Fiuza, Felipe Porto; Silva, Kayo D. de Azevedo; Resende, Nayra da S.; Azevedo, Carolina Virgínia de M.; Costa, Miriam S. M. O.; Cavalcante, Judney C.; Nascimento Júnior, Expedito S.; Gavioli, Elaine Cristina; Cavalcante, Jeferson S.
Animals have neural structures that allow them to anticipate environmental changes and then regulate physiological and behavioral functions in response to these alterations. The suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus (SCN) is the main circadian pacemaker in many mammalian species. This structure synchronizes the biological rhythm based on photic information that is transmitted to the SCN through the retinohypothalamic tract. The aging process changes the structural complexity of the nervous system, from individual nerve cells to global changes, including the atrophy of total gray matter. Aged animals show internal time disruptions caused by morphological and neurochemical changes in SCN components. The effects of aging on circadian rhythm range from effects on simple physiological functions to effects on complex cognitive performance, including many psychiatric disorders that influence the well-being of the elderly. In this review, we summarize the effects of aging on morphological, neurochemical, and circadian rhythmic functions coordinated by the main circadian pacemaker, the SCN
Socially adjusted synchrony in the activity profiles of common marmosets in light-dark conditions
(Informa Healthcare, 2013) Melo, Paula; Gonçalves, Bruno; Menezes, Alexandre; Azevedo, Carolina
Synchronized state of activity and rest might be attained by mechanisms of entrainment and masking. Most zeitgebers not only act to entrain but also to mask circadian rhythms. Although the light-dark (LD) cycle is the main zeitgeber of circadian rhythms in marmosets, social cues can act as weaker zeitgebers. Evidence on the effects of social entrainment in marmosets has been collected in isolated animals or in pairs where activity is not individually recorded. To characterize the synchronization between the daily activity profiles of individuals in groups under LD conditions, the motor activity of animals from five groups was continuously monitored using actiwatches for 15 days during the 5th, 8th, and 11th months of life of juveniles. Families consisting of twins (4 <,/1 <<) and their parents were maintained under controlled lighting (LD 12:12 h), temperature, and humidity conditions. Synchronization was evaluated through the synchrony between the circadian activity profiles obtained from the pearson correlation index between possible pairs of activity profiles in the light and dark phases. We also calculated the phase-angle differences between the activity onset of one animal in relation to the activity onset of each animal in the group ( on). A similar procedure was performed for activity offset ( off). By visual analysis, the correlation between the activity profiles of individuals within each family was stronger than that of individuals from different families. A mixed-model analysis showed that within the group, the correlation was stronger between twins than between twins and their parents in all families, except for the family in which both juveniles were males. Because a twin is an important social partner for juveniles, a sibling is likely to have a stronger influence on its twin’s activity rhythm than other family members. Considering only the light phase, the second strongest correlation was observed between the activity profiles of the individuals in the reproductive pair. Regarding the parameters on and off, the juvenile/juvenile dyad had lower values than the other dyads, but these differences did not reach statistical significance in relation to all dyads. Comparing the results of the on and off, and correlation indices, we suggest that the latter could detect differences between the animals that were not observed in the results of the phase-angle differences. These differences could be related to changes that occur during the active phase but not only in a particular phase, such as the temporal changes during the activity phase that characterize unimodal or bimodal patterns. Based on the differences in the correlations between individuals subjected to the same LD routine, we suggest that social cues modulate the circadian activity profiles of marmosets as a result of interactions between the animals within each group. Future studies are necessary to characterize the mechanisms of synchronization that are involved in this social modulation
Work schedule infl uence on sleep habits in elementary and high school teachers according to chronotype
(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), 2014) Souza, Jane Carla de; Galina, Sabinne Danielle; Almeida, Jônathas Cleiton Florêncio de; Sousa, Ivanise Cortez de; Azevedo, Carolina Virginia Macêdo de
Th e infl uence of work schedule on sleep habits and quality, and daytime sleepiness according to individual preferences in sleep schedules was assessed in 131 elementary and high school teachers through questionnaires. Teachers who initiate classes around 7:00 hr wake up earlier and show more frequency of poor sleep quality than those who start classes in the afternoon. Between them, those who have a preference for intermediate or later hours for sleep are more irregular in their wake up schedules and increase their sleep duration on the weekend compared to those with earlier sleep preferences. On the other hand, working only in the afternoon seems to provide better sleep/awake conditions for teachers, because they keep the same sleep duration during the week and on the weekend, and they are diagnosed with less daytime sleepiness. Th erefore, the discussion of school start times, originally proposed for adolescents, needs to be magnifi ed to teachers, contributing to improvement of sleep habits and life quality in school environments
Morphological changes in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of aging female marmosets (callithrix jacchus)
(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2014) Engelberth, Rovena Clara G. J.; Silva, Kayo Diogenes de A.; Azevedo, Carolina V. de M.; Gavioli, Elaine Cristina; Santos, Jose Ronaldo dos; Soares, Joacil Germano; Nascimento Junior, Expedito S.; Cavalcante, Judney C.; Costa, Miriam Stela M. O.; Cavalcante, Jeferson S.
The suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) are pointed to as the mammals central circadian pacemaker. Aged animals show internal time disruption possibly caused by morphological and neurochemical changes in SCN components. Some studies reported changes of neuronal cells and neuroglia in the SCN of rats and nonhuman primates during aging. The effects of senescence on morphological aspects in SCN are important for understanding some alterations in biological rhythms expression. Therefore, our aim was to perform a comparative study of the morphological aspects of SCN in adult and aged female marmoset. Morphometric analysis of SCN was performed using Nissl staining, NeuN-IR, GFAP-IR, and CB-IR. A significant decrease in the SCN cells staining with Nissl, NeuN, and CB were observed in aged female marmosets compared to adults, while a significant increase in glial cells was found in aged marmosets, thus suggesting compensatory process due to neuronal loss evoked by aging
Sleep–wake cycle, daytime sleepiness, and attention components in children attending preschool in the morning and afternoon shifts
(Wiley, 2016) Belísio, Aline S.; Kolodiuk, Fernanda F.; Louzada, Fernando M.; Valdez, Pablo; Azevedo, Carolina V. M.
Children tend to sleep and wake up early and to exhibit daytime sleep episodes. To evaluate the impact of school start times on sleepiness and attention in preschool children, this study compared the temporal patterns of sleep, daytime sleepiness, and the components of attention between children aged 4–6 years that study in the morning (n=66) and the afternoon (n=144) shifts. The former get up 1 hr and 30 min earlier on weekdays and show lower efficiency on the sustained attention task than those who study inthe afternoon.Thus, themorning shiftwas associatedwith a reduction in nighttime sleep, which might have a negative effect on children’s performance in themorning, causing higher levels of daytime sleepiness and a decline in sustained attention. Because only one parameter of one component of attention was negatively affected, further studies are needed to confirm this effect on cognition
Circadian activity rhythm in pre-pubertal and pubertal marmosets (callithrix jacchus) living in family groups
(Elsevier, 2016) Melo, Paula R.; Gonçalves, Bruno S. B.; Menezes, Alexandre A. L.; Azevedo, Carolina V. M.
In marmosets, a phase advancewas observed in activity onset in pubertal animals living in captivity under seminatural conditions which had stronger correlation with the times of sunrise over the course of the year than the age of the animal. In order to evaluate the effect of puberty on the circadian activity rhythm in male and female marmosets living in family groups in controlled lighting conditions, the activity of 5 dyads of twins (4 ♀/♂and 1 ♂/♂) and their respective parents was continuously monitored by actiwatches between the 4th and 12th months of age. The families were kept under LD 12:12 h with constant humidity and temperature. The onset of puberty was identified by monitoring fecal steroids. Juveniles showed higher totals of daily activity and differences in the daily distribution of activity in relation to parents, in which the bimodal profile was characterized by higher levels in evening activity in relation to morning activity. Regarding the phase, the activity onset and offset, occurred later in relation to parents. After entering puberty, the activity onset and offset occurred later and there was an increase in total daily activity. On the other hand, when assessing the effect of sex, only females showed a delay in the activity offset and an increase in total daily activity. Therefore, the circadian activity rhythmin marmosets has peculiar characteristics in the juvenile stage in relation to the total of daily activity, the onset and offset of the active phase, and the distribution of activity during this phase. Besides, the entering puberty was associated with a phase delay and increase on total daily activity, with differences between sexes, possibly due to hormonal influences and/or social modulation on rhythm
Vocabulário Inglês/Português de termos da área de Etologia
(Sociedade Brasileira de Etologia, 2002) Sousa, Arrilton Araújo de; Pinto, Cristina Maria Henrique; Santos, Cristina V.; Albuquerque, Fabíola da Silva; Genaro, Gelson; Xavier, Gilberto Fernando; Bueno, José Lino de Oliveira; Claro, Kleber Del; Machado Filho, Luiz Carlos Pinheiro; Sousa, Maria Bernardete Cordeiro de; Costa, Mateus José Rodrigues Paranhos da
Sob os auspícios da Sociedade Brasileira de Etologia (SBEt) foi elaborado, este vocabulário inglês/português na área do comportamento animal, incluindo 775 termos de Etologia, Psicologia Comparativa e Experimental, Ecologia Comportamental, Etologia humana e Neuroetologia e outros, visando uniformizar o uso dos termos básicos a respeito de comportamento animal em língua portuguesa
Male behavioral response to the urine odor of females in lesser mouse lemur (microcebus murinus miller, 1777) (cheirogaleidae, primates)
(Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2003) Souza, Arrilton Araújo de
Chemical signals play an important role in Microcebus murinus Miller, 1777 social communication, a representative species of prosimians. It presents the major and vomeronasal olfactory systems and uses mainly urine for chemical marking. I studied the effect of females’ urine on the behavior of 14 males in 3 group conditions: intact, vomeronasalectomized (VNx) and bulbectomized (Bx). Stimuli presented were pro-estrus female’s urine, post-estrus female’s urine, distilled water and female’s presence. The groups were submitted to two phases: familiarization in the cage (3 days), and experimental stage (4 days) when each stimulus was presented for 30 min once a day. Results showed that intact males could discriminate different chemical stimuli; VNx males continued to discriminate stimuli using the major olfactory system but not as efficiently as intact animals; Bx animals did not perform any olfactory discrimination. The reduction in olfactory discrimination by VNx and Bx males may have been due to a central action of bulb activity
Behavioral strategies and hormonal profiles of dominant and subordinate common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) females in wild monogamous groups
(Wiley, 2005) Sousa, Maria Bernadete Cordeiro; Rocha, Ana Claudia Sales da; Albuquerque, Fabiola da Silva; Souza, Arrilton Araújo de; Yamamoto, Maria Emilia; Arruda, Maria de Fatima
New insights into the mating systems of common marmosets suggest that they are mainly monogamous, although polygyny and polyandry occasionally occur. Long-term monitoring of wild common marmosets has shown that some reports of polygynous groups (i.e., groups that contain more than one reproducing female) in fact indicate an unbalanced reproductive output associated with extragroup copulation. In this study we describe the behavioral and hormonal profiles of common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) females living in three wild monogamous groups (Q, PBf, and T), varying from five to 11 individuals, at Nı´sia Floresta field station, RN, Brazil. The mating system of the groups was previously characterized in terms of affiliative, sexual, and mate-guarding behaviors. Behavioral data were collected once a week, and fecal samples were collected at least twice a week for 10–16 months, depending on the group. A preferential allogrooming relationship was recorded between dominant males and females. Under field conditions the reproductive inhibition of subordinate females appears to be more behavioral than hormonal, since subordinate females of the three groups ovulated and two conceived during the study. In these cases, the subordinate and dominant females reproduced 1 month apart, and infanticide (one case confirmed and one suspected) appeared to be part of the reproductive strategy of dominant females. Following the infanticide, ovarian inhibition (group T) or emigration and return to the natal group (group PBf) were observed. In the third group (Q) the subordinate female, showed hormonal profiles compatible with pregnancy, but no infants were seen. These findings reflect the different alternatives that wild subordinate common marmoset females use to reproduce.
Effect of morning exercise in sunlight on the sleep-wake cycle in adolescents
(Instituto Brasileiro de Neuropsicologia e Comportamento (IBNeC), 2011) Maia, Ana Paula Leão; Sousa, Ivanise Cortez de; Azevedo, Carolina Virginia Macêdo de
A delay in bedtime occurs in adolescence compared with childhood. However, the early waking that morning school hours impose leads to partial sleep deprivation. Although exposure to light is the most important regulator of circadian rhythm in mammals, physical exercise influences circadian synchronization. To assess the effect of morning physical exercise in sunlight on the sleep-wake cycle (SWC) in adolescents, 160 first- and second-year high-school students were exposed to classes in their usual classroom (Group C) or in a swimming pool exposed to sunlight (Group E) while physically exercising (EE; i.e., swimming) or resting (EL). At baseline, we applied Health and Sleep and Horne & Ostberg chronotype assessment questionnaires. One week later and during the intervention, we applied the Sleep Diary and Karolinska Sleepiness Scale. During the intervention we observed no changes in bedtime, time in bed and in indices of irregularity of bedtime and wake-up time. The changes observed in wake-up time (i.e., a delay in the EE group on Saturday), sleep quality (i.e., an improvement), and sleepiness (i.e., an increase) were also observed in the control group, discarding an intervention effect. We suggest that morning physical exercise in sunlight had no effect on SWC parameters, sleep quality, or daytime sleepiness, possibly because of the large irregularity in the SWC between weekdays and weekends in adolescent students as well as the low frequency and duration of exercise during the intervention. Therefore, studies that evaluate a higher frequency or duration of exercise are needed to assess its effect on the SWC in adolescents
Foraging behavior of the queenless ant dinoponera quadriceps santschi (hymenoptera: formicidae)
(Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil, 2006) Souza, Arrilton Araújo de; Rodrigues, Zenilde
A procura e ingestão de alimentos são essenciais para qualquer animal, que gasta a maior parte de sua vida procurando os recursos alimentares, inclusive mais que outras atividades como acasalamento, disputas intra-específicas ou fuga de predadores. O presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever e quantificar diversos aspectos do forrageamento, dieta e transporte de alimentos em Dinoponera quadriceps Santschi em mata atlântica secundária do Nordeste do Brasil. Foram observadas três colônias escolhidas ao acaso distantes pelo menos 50 m uma das outras. Ao sair da colônia, as operárias eram seguidas até o seu retorno à mesma, sem nenhum provisionamento alimentar, nem interferência sobre suas atividades. As atividades utilizando técnica de focal time sampling com registro instantâneo a cada minuto, durante 10 minutos consecutivos. Cada colônia era observada 1 dia/semana, com pelo menos 6 h/dia resultando em 53,8h de observação direta das operárias. Foram registradas as atividades de forrageamento, o sucesso no transporte do alimento, tipo de alimento, limpeza e as interações entre operárias. O forrageio foi sempre individual não ocorrendo recrutamento em nenhuma ocasião. A dieta foi composta principalmente de artrópodes, sendo na maioria insetos. Em pequena proporção, ocorreu coleta de pequenos frutos de Eugenia sp. O tempo de forrageio foi maior quando as operárias transportavam alimentos até a colônia, sendo o período de retorno inferior ao de forrageio, sugerindo a utilização de pistas químicas e visuais na orientação, durante suas atividades de forrageio e coleta de alimentos
Influência da inoculação de cistos na produção de biomassa de branchoneta dendrocephalus brasiliensis pesta, 1921 (crustacea: anostraca)
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2008) Lopes, José Patrocínio; Gurgel, Hélio de Castro Bezerra; Souza, Arrilton Araújo de; Pontes, Cibele Soares
Objetivou-se, neste trabalho desenvolver uma metodologia para produção de biomassa de branchoneta Dendrocephalus brasiliensis Pesta, 1921. Os experimentos foram realizados na Estação de Piscicultura da CHESF, Paulo Afonso-BA, com a finalidade de viabilizar a branchoneta como fonte alternativa de alimento na aqüicultura. A metodologia constou de dois tratamentos (com e sem inoculação de cistos de D. brasiliensis) realizada em duas épocas distintas (maio e outubro), com duas repetições. Foram utilizados quatro viveiros semi-escavados. Após a ANOVA (P<0,05) constatou-se que o tratamento com inoculação apresentou uma produção média de 18,63 ± 0,74 kg superior a 8,00 ± 0,75 kg do outro tratamento, podendo-se assim produzir uma biomassa de 1.863 kg/ha/ ano. Os resultados obtidos recomendam produção de biomassa de D. brasiliensis utilizando a metodologia de inoculação de cistos
Fatores bióticos e abióticos que influenciam o desenvolvimento de branconeta (crustacea: anostraca)
(Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), 2008) Lopes, José Patrocínio; Pontes, Cibele Soares; Souza, Arrilton Araújo de; Santos Neto, Miguel Arcanjo dos
Fatores bióticos e abióticos nos viveiros de cultivo da Estação de Piscicultura da CHESF e da região de Paulo Afonso, Bahia que influenciam no desenvolvimento de Dendrocephalus brasiliensis Pesta, 1921 foram investigados mediante monitoramento realizado em quatro viveiros de cultivo, no período de dezembro de 2004 a novembro de 2005. Para os fatores bióticos e abióticos referentes à qualidade da água dos viveiros estudados, o monitoramento, foi realizado em duas épocas do ano (maio e outubro) coincidindo com os períodos chuvoso e seco, respectivamente. O manejo dos viveiros que incluiu adubação orgânica e química e complementação dos níveis de água dos viveiros fez com que as variáveis limnológicas se situassem dentro de limites toleráveis para os crustáceos em estudo possibilitando aos mesmos crescimentos em peso e comprimento e reprodução dentro de padrões normais. As águas dos viveiros pesquisados apresentaram de um modo geral condições bióticas e abióticas propícias ao desenvolvimento do microcrustáceo branconeta, D. brasiliensis
Ovarian development and spawning of serra spanish mackerel in coastal waters of northeastern Brazil
(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), 2010) Chellappa, Sumathi; Souza, Arrilton Araújo de; Chellappa, Naithirithi
A serra, scomberomorus brasiliensis, é uma espécie marinha de valor comercial do oceano Atlântico sendo um maior componente de pesca artesanal no norte e nordeste brasileiros. Desenvolvimento ovariano e época de desova de S. brasiliensis foram investigados utilizando-se técnicas macroscópicas e histológicas. Valores mensais médios de IGS e maturação gonadal indicam que a época de desova ocorre durante o período de chuva
The temporal pattern of mating behavior of the fruit fly, anastrepha zenildae in the laboratory
(Oxford University Press, 2011) Almeida, Lucia M. de; Souza, Arrilton Araújo de; Mendes, Norma H.D.; Souza, João M.G.A. de; Menezes, Alexandre A.L.
The state of Rio Grande do Norte is an important fruit–producing and exporting area in northeastern Brazil. The success of this industry depends on fruit fly population control, especially in fly–free exporting zones. However, many fruits are not exported because of quarantine restrictions imposed by importing countries. A survey in the state has detected a considerable increase of the fruit fly, Anastrepha zenildae Zucchi (Diptera: Tephritidae), probably a result of the introduction of irrigated guava orchards that make fruit available all year. Knowledge of the sexual behavior of Tephritidae has great importance to pest control programs, particularly those that employ the Sterile Insect Technique. In order to characterize the reproductive behavior of A. zenildae, 32 individuals (16 males; 16 females) in each of six generations were submitted to an artificial 12:12 L:D cycle (750: < 1 lux, lights on 07:00-19:00) and observed over their lifetimes. The courtship and copulation occurred in leks and the episodes varied with the time of day, courtship being most frequent between zeitgeber time (ZT) 3 and ZT 7, peaking at ZT 5-6. Copulations occurred between ZT 2 and ZT 8, with a higher frequency between ZT 5-7 and a peak at ZT 6. Mean duration was 0.28 ± 0.03 min/male (range: 5-163 min). Males in the leks attempted to copulate mainly between ZT 3 and ZT 7 with a peak at ZT 6, and males outside leks peaked at ZT 7. The different timing of sexual behaviors among related sympatric species, including A. zenildae, may contribute to species isolation
Seasonal activity of dinoponera quadriceps santschi (formicidae, ponerinae) in the semi-arid caatinga of northeastern Brazil
(Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), 2012) Medeiros, Jeniffer; Araújo, Arrilton; Araújo, Helder F. P.; Queiroz, João Paulo C.; Vasconcellos, Alexandre
Seasonal activity of Dinoponera quadriceps Santschi (Formicidae, Ponerinae) in the semi-arid Caatinga of northeastern Brazil. We studied seasonal foraging patterns of the queenless ant D. quadriceps (Formicidae, Ponerinae) for 24 months in a Caatinga area of northeastern Brazil, an ecosystem characterized by strong climatic changes throughout the year, in order to determine if regulation of worker activity is based on environmental conditions (air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation) and/or food resources (potential prey: Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, Araneae, Chilopoda and Diplopoda). Foraging activity of D. quadriceps varied over the course of both years, with the highest frequency occurring from May to August, corresponding to the late rainy season and early dry season. This foraging activity was negatively correlated with temperature and positively correlated with the availability of potential prey, but not with total abundance of soil arthropods or with rainfall and relative humidity. Diet composition, in relation to the main taxonomic prey groups, seems to be common to the species, regardless of habitat. Our results suggest that D. quadriceps workers adjust foraging activity to the most suitable period of the year, to avoid thermal stress and increase efficiency. Thus, they present an appropriate behavioral response to seasonal fluctuations in the caatinga
Morfologia comparativa do trato digestório dos peixes hoplias malabaricus hypostomus pusarum do açude Marechal Dutra, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP), 2013) Pessoa, Emilly Kataline Rodrigues; Silva, Naisandra Bezerra da; Chellappa, Naithirithi T.; Souza, Arrilton Araújo de; Chellappa, Sathyabama
A traíra, Hoplias malabaricus e o cascudo, Hypostomus pusarum são espécies de peixes que apresentam importância ecológica e econômica nos ecossistemas aquáticos neotropicais. O presente trabalho comparou os aspectos morfológicos do trato digestório de H. malabaricus e H. pusarum, relacionando-os com seu hábito alimentar. No período de julho de 2011 a junho de 2012, foram capturados 45 espécimes de H. malabaricus e 33 de H. pusarum, utilizando-se rede de espera e tarrafa no açude Marechal Dutra, Acari, RN. Foram obtidos de cada exemplar o comprimento total e peso do corpo. A posição da boca, presença e tipo dos dentes, número de rastros branquiais, esôfago, forma do estômago e presença de cecos pilóricos foram observados para a descrição morfológica. O comprimento intestinal foi verificado e o conteúdo estomacal foi identificado até o nível taxonômico mais inferior possível. A boca e os dentes de H. malabaricus são adaptados para agarrar e ingerir grandes presas inteiras, enquanto de H. pusarum são adaptados para raspagem. O primeiro o arco branquial de H. malabaricus possui em média sete rastros branquiais afastados entre si, curtos e pontiagudos, mas H. pusarum não apresenta rastros brânquias. A disposição dos órgãos digestórios em ambas as espécies está diretamente relacionada com a forma da cavidade peritoneal e o formato do corpo. H. malabaricus apresenta um intestino curto, porém H. pusarum mostra um intestino muito longo. H. malabaricus alimentou-se de material animal, preferencialmente de peixes (72,8%) e camarões (27,2%), enquanto a dieta de H. pusarum foi baseada em material orgânico em decomposição (88,7%) e microalgas (11,3%). A morfologia do trato digestório e o conteúdo estomacal de H. malabaricus indica hábito alimentar carnívoro, e de H. pusarum confirma seu hábito alimentar detritívoro / herbívoro

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