DBF - Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia

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3R and 2H polytypes of MoS2: DFT and DFPT calculations of structural, optoelectronic, vibrational and thermodynamic properties
(Elsevier, 2017-12) Coutinho, S.S.; Barboza, Carlos Antonio; Tavares, M.S.; Frazão, N.F.; Moreira, E.; Azevedo, David L.
We report the results of a theoretical study on the behavior of the structural, optoelectronic, vibrational, including infrared and Raman theoretical spectra, phonon spectrum, and thermodynamic properties of 3R- and 2H- polytypes of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) using density functional theory (DFT) considering both the local density and generalized gradient approximation, LDA and GGA, respectively. Calculated lattice parameters are close to the experimental measurements, and an indirect band gap E(A→KΓ)¼ 1:33 eV (0.68 eV) was obtained within the GGA (LDA) level of calculation, considering the 3R-polytype, and for the 2H- polytype an indirect band gap E(Γ→KΓ)¼ 1:30 eV (0.70 eV) was obtained within the GGA (LDA) approximation. The complex dielectric function and absorption of 3R-MoS2 and 2H-MoS2 polytypes were shown to be sensitive to the plane of polarization of the incident light. The phonon dispersion relation together with density of states (DOS) as well as theoretical peaks of the infrared (IR) and Raman spectra in the frequency range of 0–800 cm 1 was analyzed and assigned, considering the norm-conserved pseudopotentials. The thermodynamic potentials, the specific heat at constant volume and Debye temperature of the 3R-MoS2 and 2H-MoS2 polytypes are also calculated, whose dependence on the temperature are discussed.
Alterações bioquímicas em ratos com doença periodontal e tratados com olmesartana, captopril e atorvastatna
(Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, 2013) Araújo, Aurigena Antunes; Souza, Graziene Lopes de; Silva, Gisele Ribeiro da; Silva, Larissa Marina Pereira; Lima, Flávio Maurílio dos Santos; Mata, Neida da
Introdução: A doença periodontal é o processo inﬂamatório que ocorre na gengiva em resposta a antgenos bacterianos da placa dentária. Como a doença periodontal acomete indivíduos adultos, principalmente, idosos, a presença desta patologia em pacientes com fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares, que estão fazendo utlização de medicamentos se torna um achado usual. Objetvo: verifcar as alterações bioquímicas decorrentes da utlização subcrônica de Olmesartana, Captopril e Atovastatna em animais com doença periodontal. Metodologia: Foram utlizados 50 ratos Wistar com pesos entre 250-400g, a doença periodontal foi induzida com ligadura de fo nylon 3-0, por 10 dias, os animais receberam dose oral única e diária de Olmesartana (1 e 10mg/Kg), Captopril (1,5 e 10mg/Kg) e Atovastatna (1,5 e 10mg/Kg). No 11º dia cada subgrupo foi eutanasiado com Tiopental sódico na dosagem de 20 mg/Kg e o sangue colhido para avaliação bioquímica. As variáveis estudadas foram glicose, creatnina, uréia, colesterol total, triglicerídeos, HDL, LDL, TGO e TGP A leitura foi realizada no equipamento semiiautomátco BioPlus 2000®. Para verifcar as diferenças entre os grupos estudados foi utlizado o Teste t de Student com nível de signifcância de 5% no programa Graf Pad Install. Resultados: A doença periodontal elevou signifcantemente os níveis de glicose, LDL-C e colesterol total (p<0,05). Além disso nos animais tratados com atovastatn, um efeito farmacológico esperado, que era redução nos níveis de LDL-C, e aumento do HDL-C, não foram encontrados. Conclusão: O estudo aponta para um importante efeito da doença periodontal, na resposta a medicamentos sistêmicos.
Análise da relação entre custo e consumo dos antipsicóticos típicos e atípicos: implicações para a saúde pública
(Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, 2007) Araujo, Aurigena Antunes de; Alves, Maria do Socorro Costa Feitosa; Guerra, Gerlane Coelho; Xavier, Caroline Addison; Rodrigues, Francisco das Chagas; Diógenes, Arícia Rodrigues
O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a relação entre custo e consumo dos antipsicóticos típicos e atípicos. A coleta de dados foi realizada no Hospital Psiquiátrico Dr. João Machado, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Brasil, no período de 2002 a 2005. Para a comparação do custo ou consumo entre os dois grupos de antipsicóticos, utilizou-se o Teste t de Student com nível de significância de 5 %. A correlação entre custo e consumo para cada grupo de antipsicótico foi verificada pelo Coeficiente de Correlação de Pearson, com nível de significância de 5 %. Os resultados mostraram uma diferença estatisticamente significante entre o custo dos medicamentos típicos e atípicos (p < 0,0001), bem como uma correlação positiva entre custo e consumo para medicamentos atípicos (r = 0,96, p < 0,02). O estudo demonstrou que existe preocupação e compromisso do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, em incrementar a terapia com os antipsicóticos atípicos. A diferença entre os custos dos antipsicóticos típicos e atípicos podem representar um empecilho para incrementar o acesso dos pacientes com esquizofrenia a uma terapêutica que possibilite melhor qualidade de vida.
Anestésicos locais: revisando o mecanismo de ação molecular
(Conselho Federal de Farmácia, 2006) Araújo, Aurigena Antunes de; Silva, Inara Dantas da; Diniz, Rodrigo dos Santos; Guerra, Gerlane Coelho Bernardo
Os anestésicos locais são bases fracas que agem no axônio, bloqueando de modo reversível a geração e condução do impulso nervoso. Esses fármacos têm ação sob qualquer parte do sistema nervoso e em qualquer tipo de fibra. O seu uso têm se dado em larga escala na clínica médica e odontológica. Além de se prestarem ao uso nos procedimentos cirúrgicos, estão sendo associados ao tratamento da dor crônica, com os opióides, o que reduz a tolerância destes, no tratamento da artrite reumatóide e câncer (ROCHA et al, 2002). O primeiro anestésico local foi à cocaína, extraído de folhas de Erythroxylon coca, isolado em 1860, por Albert Niemann. Outros anestésicos locais, do tipo éster, surgiram depois, entre eles, a procaína (1905), tetracaína (1932) e cloroprocaína (1952). Os anestésicos locais do tipo amida foram introduzidos, em 1948, com a lidocaína, que serviu de padrão para síntese de outros anestésicos locais dentro deste grupo (CATTERAL& MACKIE, 2003).
Anti-infl ammatory and antinociceptive activities of Phyllanthus niruri spray-dried standardized extract
(Springer, 2013) Araújo, Aurigena Antunes de; Porto, Cínthia R. C.; Soares, Luiz A. L.; Souza, Tatiane P.; Petrovick, Pedro R.; Lyra, Ibson L.; Araújo Júnior, Raimundo F.; Langassner, Silvana Maria Zucolotto; Guerra, Gerlane C. B.
Phyllanthus niruri L., Euphorbiaceae, spray-dried standardized extract was studied for its anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities in adult albino rats and mice. The anti-inflammatory effect of spray-dried standardized extract was observed in carrageenan-induced paw edema and thioglycolate-induced leukocyte migration, while antinociceptive effects were observed using Randall & Selitto, tail flick, and hot plate tests. This study showed that intraperitoneal spray-dried standardized extract at 100, 200, 800, or 1600 mg/kg reduced the vascular response in the inflammatory process of paw edema induced by 1% carrageenan. Oral spray-dried standardized extract at 100 or 200 mg/kg inhibited leukocyte migration to the site of inflammation induced by 3% thioglycolate. In rats, at 100 and 200 mg/kg intraperitoneally, the extract exhibited a marked peripheral analgesic effect in a Randall & Selitto assay and showed significant central analgesic activity in a hot plate and tail flick assay. In conclusion, this study suggested that Phyllanthus niruri spray-dried standardized extract has potent inflammatory and antinociceptive activities and that these activities are not modified by standard drying process, making it feasible to use the dry extract standardized to obtain a phytotherapic preparation and thus validating its use for the treatment of pain and inflammation disorders.
Azilsartan Increases Levels of IL-10, Down-Regulates MMP-2, MMP-9, RANKL/RANK, Cathepsin K and Up- Regulates OPG in an Experimental Periodontitis Model
(Faculté de Médecine de Nantes, France, 2014-05-12) Araújo, Aurigena Antunes de; Varela, Hugo; Brito, Gerly Anne de Castro; Medeiros, Caroline Addison Carvalho Xavier de; Araújo, Lorena de Souza; Nascimento, José Heriberto Oliveira do; Araújo Júnior, Raimundo Fernandes de
Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of azilsartan (AZT) on bone loss, inflammation, and the expression of matrix metallo proteinases (MMPs), receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK), osteoprotegerin (OPG), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and cathepsin K in periodontal tissue in a rat model of ligature-induced periodontitis. Materials and Methods Male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 10 rats each: (1) nonligated, water; (2) ligated, water; (3) ligated, 1 mg/kg AZT; (4) ligated, 5 mg/kg AZT; and (5) ligated, 10 mg/kg AZT. All groups were treated with saline or AZT for 10 days. Periodontal tissues were analyzed by histopathology and immunohistochemical detection of MMP-2, MMP-9, COX-2, RANKL, RANK, OPG, and cathepsin K. Levels of IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-α, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and glutathione (GSH) were determined by ELISA. Results Treatment with 5 mg/kg AZT resulted in reduced MPO (p<0.05) and IL-1β (p<0.05), increased levels of IL-10 (p<0.05), and reduced expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, COX-2, RANK, RANKL, cathepsin K, and increased expression of OPG. Conclusions These findings reveal that AZT increases anti-inflammatory cytokines and GSH and decreases bone loss in ligature-induced periodontitis in rats.
Band gaps in the terahertz frequency range in quasiperiodic one-dimensional magnonic crystals
(Elsevier, 2010) Costa, Carlos Humberto Oliveira; Barbosa, P. H. R.; Barbosa Filho, F. F.; Vasconcelos, Manoel Silva de; Albuquerque, Eudenilson Lins de
In this work we investigate magnonic band gaps, in the terahertz (THz) frequency range, in periodic and quasiperiodic (Fibonacci sequence) magnonic crystals formed by layers of Cobalt (Co) and Permalloy (Py). Our theoretical model is based on a magnetic Heisenberg Hamiltonian in the exchange regime, together with a transfer-matrix treatment within the random-phase approximation (RPA). For periodic arrangements the bulk band structure is analogous to those found in photonic crystals, while for quasiperiodic multilayers it presents additional pass bands similar to those found in doped electronic materials
Beta2 oscillations (23–30 Hz) in the mouse hippocampus during novel object recognition
(Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and John Wiley & Sons, 2014-09-01) Franc a, Arthur S. C.; Nascimento, George Carlos do; Lopes-dos-Santos, Vıtor; Muratori, Larissa; Ribeiro, Sidarta Tollendal Gomes; Soares, Bruno Lobão; Tort, Adriano Bretanha Lopes
Carvedilol Improves Inflammatory Response, Oxidative Stress and Fibrosis in the Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury in Rats by Regulating Kuppfer Cells and Hepatic Stellate Cells
(University of Navarra School of Medicine and Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), SPAIN, 2016-02-18) Araújo, Aurigena Antunes de; Araújo Júnior, Raimundo Fernandes de; Garcia, Vinícius Barreto; Leitão, Renata Ferreira de Carvalho; Brito, Gerly Anne de Castro; Miguel, Emilio de Castro; Guedes, Paulo Marcos Matta
Aim To evaluate the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and antifibrotic effects of carvedilol (CARV) in rats with ethanol-induced liver injury. Methods Liver injury was induced by gavage administration of alcohol (7 g/kg) for 28 consecutive days. Eighty Wistar rats were pretreated with oral CARV at 1, 3, or 5 mg/kg or with saline 1 h before exposure to alcohol. Liver homogenates were assayed for interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α level as well as for myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity and liver triglyceride (TG) levels were also assayed. Immunohistochemical analyses of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B/ligand (RANK/RANKL), suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS1), the Kupffer cell marker IBA-1 (ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD-1), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx-1) expression were performed. Confocal microscopy analysis of IL-1β and NF-κB expression and real-time quantitative PCR analysis for TNFα, PCI, PCIII, and NF-κB were performed. Results CARV treatment (5 mg/kg) during the alcohol exposure protocol was associated with reduced steatosis, hepatic cord degeneration, fibrosis and necrosis, as well as reduced levels of AST (p < 0.01), ALT (p < 0.01), TG (p < 0.001), MPO (p < 0.001), MDA (p < 0.05), and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α, both p < 0.05), and increased levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (p < 0.001) and GSH (p < 0.05), compared to the alcohol-only group. Treatment with CARV 5 mg/kg also reduced expression levels of COX-2, RANK, RANKL, IBA-1, and ICAM-1 (all p < 0.05), while increasing expression of SOCS1, SOD-1, and GPx-1 (all p < 0.05) and decreasing expression of IL-1β and NF-κB (both, p < 0.05). Real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that mRNA production of TNF-α, procollagen type I (PCI), procollagen type III (PCIII), and NF-κB were decreased in the alcohol-CARV 5 mg/kg group relative to the alcohol-only group. Conclusions CARV can reduce the stress oxidative, inflammatory response and fibrosis in ethanol-induced liver injury in a rat model by downregulating signalling of Kuppfer cells and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) through suppression of inflammatory cytokines.
Charge transport in fibrous/not fibrous -helical and variant peptides
(American Institute of Physics, 2011-01-31) Bezerril, Leonardo Mafra; Fulco, Umberto Laino; Oliveira, Jonas Ivan Nobre; Corso, Gilberto; Albuquerque, Eudenilson Lins de; Freire, V. N.; Caetano, W. S.
Although differing only by the Ala→Gln substitution at the fifth or seventh position of the 3-peptide amino acid sequence Leu-Glu-Thr-Leu-Ala-Lys-Ala3, the 5Q3 variant forms fibrous assemblies more attenuated than those of the 3-peptide, while the 7Q3 variant does not form fibrils. A tight-binding transport modeling was performed to obtain their current-voltage patterns, with hopping energies of the dipeptides calculated within the density functional theory framework. Beyond the semiconductor character, we obtain that the current pattern can be used to distinguish them, suggesting that it can be useful for the development of devices as diagnostics tools for amyloidosislike diseases
Comparative Bioavailability of a Generic and Two Compounded Naproxen Sodium Suspensions Administered to Rats
(J Bioanal Biomed, 2010-04-23) Araujo, Aurigena Antunes de; Solon, Lílian Grace da Silva; Guerra, Gerlane Bernardo Coelho; Barichello, José Mário; Pérez-Urizar, José; Soares, Luiz Alberto Lira
The purpose of this study was to determine naproxen concentrations in rat plasma samples by HPLC and to compare the bioavailability of a generic and two compounded naproxen sodium suspensions (test 1 and test 2). Analysis was run at a fl ow rate of 1.2 mL.min -1 with a mobile phase of acetonitrile: NaH 2 PO 4 0.01 M pH 4.00 (50:50, v/v) at 280 nm, using a C 18 column (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μ m). The calibration curve was linear (R 2 = 0.9987) over the range of 0.25 - 200 μ g.mL -1 . The precision for inter and intra-day analysis ranged from 2.46% to 12.39%. C max , T max and AUC t were 191.25 ± 11.17 μ g.mL -1 , 1.00 ± 0.106 h and 2438.16 ± 291.34 μ g.h.mL -1 for the reference drug, 188.22 ± 24.78 μ g.mL -1 , 1.06 ± 0.092 h and 1755.02 ± 228.90 μ g.h.mL -1 for test 1, and 160.50 ± 10.58 μ g.mL -1 , 0.66 ± 0.102 h and 1955.28 ± 142.80 μ g.h.mL -1 for test 2. No signi fi cant differences were found based on analysis of variance, with mean values and 90% CI of test2/reference ratio (C max 83.92% and AUC t 80.19%). For test1/reference ratio, the result was C max 98.41% and AUC t 71.98%. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the validated method was successfully applied to this study; the test 1 formulation failed to demonstrate a bioequivalence to the reference drug; however, the test 2 and reference naproxen sodium suspension were bioequivalent in terms of the rate and extent of absorption under these conditions.
Comparative Bioavailability of Two Extemporaneous Solid Formulations of Carbamazepine against the Innovator in Mexican Healthy Subjects
(OMICS International, 2014-03-04) Araujo, Aurigena Antunes de; Guerra, Gerlane Bernardo Coelho; Solon, Lílian Grace da Silva; Dibildox, Estela; Perez-Urizar, Jose; Escobedo-Moratilla, Abraham; Torres-Roque, Irma; Martinez-Delgado, Maricela; Zapata-Morales, Juan Ramon; Soares, Luiz Alberto Lira; Covarrubias-Pinedo, Amador
Extemporaneous or off-label prescribing is not illegal and may sometimes be clinically and economically appropriate. However it is associated with a number of clinical, safety and ethical issues. Bioequivalence of these products must be proven before they are used in place of patent medicines. In the present study, a single-center, open, randomized, single-dose, 2-period crossover, 2-sequences pilot assay (two subgroups with n=6) was carried out to evaluate the bioavailability of two extemporaneous capsule of carbamazepine (200 mg): A-Formula® (A); and Formule® (B) in comparison to a tablet of the innovator product Tegretol® (C). Twelve healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to one of two arms to receive one test/reference formulation and following a two week wash-out period they received the other compound. Blood sampling was performed over 72 hours after dosing and levels of carbamazepine were determined by HPLC. Main findings of the study include that peak of plasma carbamazepine was faster following the extemporaneous capsules as compared to reference (Tmax: A: 6.58 h; B: 4.83 h vs 8.25-10.00 h, respectively), although no changes was observed in Cmax (A: 3.32 μg/mL; B: 3.10 μg/mL vs C: 3.14-2.85 μg/mL) neither in AUC0-t (A: 116.34 μg*h/mL; B: 145.66 μg*h/mL vs C: 123.18-138.37 μg*h/mL). The elimination half-life that ranged between 38.64-61.29 h but not difference were observed between all formulations. By using bioequivalence statistics it appears that A-Formula® or Formule® is bioequivalent to Tegretol® in terms of AUC0-t but not regarding Cmax. In conclusion, we demonstrated that two extemporaneous capsules of carbamazepine, A-Formula® and Formule® show similar concentration-time profiles to the reference tablet of immediate Tegretol®, however further studies with longer sample size are needed to confirm its bioequivalence and interchangeability.
Consumption of anxiolytic benzodiazepines: a correlation between SNGPC data and sociodemographic indicators in Brazilian capitals
(Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva/Abrasco, 2016) Araújo, Aurigena Antunes de; Azevedo, Ângelo José Pimentel de; Ferreira, Maria Ângela Fernandes
The scope of this article is to determine the distribution and frequency of consumption of anxiolytic benzodiazepines and the correlation between consumption and demographic, epidemiological, economic and social characteristics. It is an ecological study with a sample of 27 state capitals. Data collection was performed through the ANVISA database for the dispensation of Alprazolam, Bromazepam, Clonazepam, Diazepam and Lorazepam in 2010-2012, the 2010 Demographic Census (IBGE), DATASUS and Medical Demographic Research. Descriptive statistical analysis and multiple linear regression analyses were performed for data analysis. The northern region has capitals with the lowest and the southeast has capitals with the highest average consumption of these products. The average consumption for the population of all capitals was 3.60 DHD. Alprazolam is the drug most dispensed by pharmacies and private drugstores with average 2.00 DHD for the capitals. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that 76% of the variation was explained by population density (β = 0.310 p = 0.045) and percentage of physicians (β = 0.507 p = 0.016). The consumption of short half-life anxiolytics has been on the increase, mainly in the cities of greater population density and concentration of physicians.
Criptococcose: revisão sistemática dos casos ocorridos no Brasil entre 1995-2005
(Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, 2005) Ferreira, Aurigena Antunes de Araújo; Oliveira, Maria Tereza Barreto de; Silva, Inara Dantas da; Diniz, Rodrigo dos Santos
Neste artigo, apresenta-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura científica a respeito dos casos clínicos de criptococose ocorridos no Brasil. Foram selecionados trabalhos publicados na PUBMED, entre os anos de 1995 e 2005, totalizando 13 publicações, nas quais se encontram casos clínicos em pacientes com ou sem AIDS. Nove desses estudos ocorreram nas regiões Centro-Oeste, Sul e Sudeste, e três deles envolvem a região Norte e Nordeste. Foram verificadas as seguintes variáveis: autor (es), ano, localidade, número de casos investigados, agente(s) etiológico(s), sinais e sintomas, doença isolada ou associada, resposta imune e desfecho. Pôde-se constatar que a maior parte dos casos relatados ocorreu como coinfecção associada a Aids, sendo o agente etiológico mais freqüente o Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans (sorotipos A e D). Esses casos foram encontrados com maior prevalência nas regiões Sul, Sudeste e Centro-Oeste. A ocorrência de C neoformans var. gattii (sorotipos B e C) está relacionada com áreas endêmicas, localizadas na região Norte e Nordeste. Os sinais e sintomas afetam, principalmente, o Sistema Nervoso Central e os pulmões. Os casos relatados na literatura apresentam limitações quanto ao desfecho da criptococose, possivelmente, devido ao fato de a patologia se desenvolver, principalmente, como uma co-infecção relacionada à Aids.
Critical neuropsychobiological analysis of panic attack- and anticipatory anxiety-like behaviors in rodents confronted with snakes in polygonal arenas and complex labyrinths: a comparison to the elevated plus- and T-maze behavioral tests
(Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 2017-02-26) Soares, Bruno Lobão; Coimbra, Norberto C.; Paschoalin-Maurin, Tatiana; Bassi, Gabriel S.; Kanashiro, Alexandre; Biagioni, Audrey F.; Felippotti, Tatiana T.; Elias-Filho, Daoud H.; Mendes-Gomes, Joyce; Cysne-Coimbra, Jade P.; Almada, Rafael C.
Objective: To compare prey and snake paradigms performed in complex environments to the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and T-maze (ETM) tests for the study of panic attack- and anticipatory anxiety-like behaviors in rodents. Methods: PubMed was reviewed in search of articles focusing on the plus maze test, EPM, and ETM, as well as on defensive behaviors displayed by threatened rodents. In addition, the authors’ research with polygonal arenas and complex labyrinth (designed by the first author for confrontation between snakes and small rodents) was examined. Results: The EPM and ETM tests evoke anxiety/fear-related defensive responses that are pharmacologically validated, whereas the confrontation between rodents and snakes in polygonal arenas with or without shelters or in the complex labyrinth offers ethological conditions for studying more complex defensive behaviors and the effects of anxiolytic and panicolytic drugs. Prey vs. predator paradigms also allow discrimination between non-oriented and oriented escape behavior. Conclusions: Both EPM and ETM simple labyrinths are excellent apparatuses for the study of anxiety- and instinctive fear-related responses, respectively. The confrontation between rodents and snakes in polygonal arenas, however, offers a more ethological environment for addressing both unconditioned and conditioned fear-induced behaviors and the effects of anxiolytic and panicolytic drugs.
Current–voltage characteristics of double-strand DNA sequences
(Elsevier, 2009-09-07) Moreira, Darlan Araújo; Bezerril, Leonardo Mafra; Albuquerque, Eudenilson Lins de; Fulco, Umberto Laico; Oliveira, E. L. de; Sousa, J. S. de
We use a tight-binding formulation to investigate the transmissivity and the current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of sequences of double-strand DNA molecules. In order to reveal the relevance of the underlying correlations in the nucleotides distribution, we compare the results for the genomic DNA sequence with those of artificial sequences (the long-range correlated Fibonacci and Rudin–Shapiro one) and a random sequence, which is a kind of prototype of a short-range correlated system. The random sequence is presented here with the same first neighbors pair correlations of the human DNA sequence. We found that the long-range character of the correlations is important to the transmissivity spectra, although the I–V curves seem to be mostly influenced by the short-range correlations
Custo dos antipsicóticos: a participação do estado e da iniciativa privada
(Conselho Federal de Farmácia - DF, 2007) Araujo, Aurigena Antunes de; Guerra, Gerlane Coelho; Xavier, Caroline Addison Carvalho; Rodrigues, Francisco Das Chagas; Diógenes, Arícia Rodrigues; Macêdo, Márcia Fernanda Silva
Transtornos esquizofrênicos são distúrbios mentais graves e persistentes, caracterizados por distorções do pensamento e da percepção, além da inadequação e embotamento do afeto (SCHATZBERG et al., 2004; KAPLAN et al., 2003; COBETT et al., 1995; MORGAN et al., 2004). Entre as desordens psíquicas, a esquizofrenia é um importante problema de saúde pública, afetando, no Brasil, em média, 5/1.000 indivíduos adultos e proporcionando altos custos econômicos para a sociedade (ALMEIDA et al.,1992; BRESSAN et al., 2003). Dentre as 24 milhões de pessoas esquizofrênicas, no mundo, apenas uma pequena minoria recebe qualquer tratamento (OMS, 2001). O Estado brasileiro assegura aos indivíduos com distúrbios psiquiátricos a dispensação dos antipsicóticos utilizados, durante todo o tratamento (PICON, 2002).
CvL, a lectin from the marine sponge Cliona varians: Isolation, characterization and its effects on pathogenic bacteria and Leishmania promastigotes
(Elsevier, 2006) Queiroz, Alexandre F.S.; Moura, Raniere M.; Fook, Jacy M.S.L.L.; Dias, Anny S.F.; Monteiro, Norberto K.V.; Ribeiro, Jannisson K.C.; Moura, Gioconda E.D.D.; Macedo, Leonardo L.P.; Santos, Elizeu A.; Sales, Maurício P.
CvL, a lectin from the marine sponge Cliona varians was purified by acetone fractionation followed by Sepharose CL 4B affinity chromatography. CvL agglutinated papainized treated human erythrocytes with preference for type A erythrocytes. The lectin was strongly inhibited by monosaccharide D-galactose and disaccharide sucrose. CvL is a tetrameric glycoprotein of 28 kDa subunits linked by disulphide bridges with a molecular mass of 106 kDa by SDS-PAGE and 114 kDa by Sephacryl S300 gel filtration. The lectin was Ca2+ dependent, stable up to 60 °C for 60 min, with optimum pH of 7.5. CvL displays a cytotoxic effect on gram positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. However, CvL did not affect gram negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Leishmania chagasi promastigotes were agglutinated by CvL up to 28 titer. These findings are indicative of the physiological defense roles of CvL and its possible use in the antibiosis of bacteria and protozoa pathogenic.
D2 dopamine receptor regulation of learning, sleep and plasticity
(Elsevier, 2015-01-16) França, A.S.C.; Soares, Bruno Lobão; Nascimento, George Carlos do; Jeronimo, Selma Maria Bezerra; Ribeiro, Sidarta Tollendal Gomes
Determination of carbamazepine in pharmaceutical formulations
(Universidade de São Paulo, USP, 2010) Araujo, Aurigena Antunes de; Solon, Lílian Grace da Silva; Oliveira, Ana Isabel Maia de; Guerra, Gerlane Coelho Bernardo; Soares, Luiz Alberto Lira
The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of five different solid formulations of carbamazepine. The reference formulation was Tegretol® 200.00 mg (Novartis) and the others were: generic formulation of carbamazepine 200.00 mg (National Industry), similar formulation of carbamazepine 200.00 mg (National Industry), and two formulations of carbamazepine 200.00 mg acquired from two different compounding pharmacies. The latter consisted of capsules obtained in Natal, the capital city of the Brazilian State of Rio Grande do Norte. The quality of samples was evaluated through physical and physical-chemical tests, including: weight, diameter, thickness, content, dissolution, disintegration, hardness, friability and moisture. The results of friability analysis showed that all formulations met Brazilian and United States Pharmacopeia (USP) specifications. In spite of having a higher hardness compared to the reference, the generic formulation had a lower disintegration time. This could be associated to the presence of crospovidone in its formulation. Results of this study showed that all formulations had dissolutions which were in accordance with Brazilian Pharmacopoeia specifications, and quality control tests. An exception was found for the similar formulation, which had a hardness parameter that exceeded the USP standard. However, this difference was not significant given the similar formulation's satisfactory disintegration time.

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