Navegando por Autor "Miller, Mark Andrew"
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Artigo Disease surveillance methods used in the 8-site MAL-ED cohort study(Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2014-11) Maciel, Bruna Leal Lima; Richard, Stephanie Ann; Barrett, Leah J.; Guerrant, Richard L.; Checkley, William; Miller, Mark AndrewDescribing the early life associations between infectious disease episodes and growth, cognitive development, and vaccine response in the first 2 years of life is one of the primary goals of the Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) cohort study. To collect high-resolution data during a critical early period of development, field staff visit each study participant at their house twice weekly from birth to 2 years of age to collect daily reported illness and treatment data from caregivers. Detailed infectious disease histories will not only allow us to relate the overall burden of infectious disease with the primary outcomes of the study, but will also allow us to describe the ages at which infectious diseases have the greatest effect on child health. In addition, twice-weekly visits allow for sample collection when diarrhea episodes are identified. This article describes the methods used to collect illness and treatment history data and discusses the a priori definitions of diarrhea and acute lower respiratory illness episodesArtigo Modeling environmental influences on child growth in the MAL-ED cohort study: opportunities and challenges(Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2014-11) Maciel, Bruna Leal Lima; Richard, Stephanie Ann; McCormick, Benjamin J. J.; Miller, Mark Andrew; Caulfield, Laura E.; Checkley, WilliamAlthough genetics, maternal undernutrition and low birth weight status certainly play a role in child growth, dietary insufficiency and infectious diseases are key risk factors for linear growth faltering during early childhood. A primary goal of the Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) study is to identify specific risk factors associated with growth faltering during the first 2 years of life; however, growth in early childhood is challenging to characterize because growth may be inherently nonlinear with age. In this manuscript, we describe some methods for analyzing longitudinal growth to evaluate both short- and long-term associations between risk factors and growth trajectories over the first 2 years of life across 8 resource-limited settings using harmonized protocols. We expect there will be enough variability within and between sites in the prevalence of risk factors and burden of linear growth faltering to allow us to distinguish some of the key pathways to linear growth faltering in the MAL-ED study