Navegando por Autor "Leite, João Pereira"
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Artigo ArticleNeuroimaging in stroke and non-stroke pusher patients(2011-07-11) Santos-Pontelli, Taiza Elaine Grespan; Pontes-Neto, Octavio Marques; Araújo, Dráulio Barros de; Santos, Antonio Carlos dos; Leite, João PereiraPusher behavior (PB) is a disorder of postural control affecting patients with encephalic lesions. This study has aimed to identify the brain substrates that are critical for the occurrence of PB, to analyze the influence of the midline shift (MS) and hemorrhagic stroke volume (HSV) on the severity and prognosis of the PB. We identified 31 pusher patients of a neurological unit, mean age 67.4±11.89, 61.3% male. Additional neurological and functional examinations were assessed. Neuroimaging workup included measurement of the MS, the HSV in patients with hemorrhagic stroke, the analysis of the vascular territory, etiology and side of the lesion. Lesions in the parietal region (p=0.041) and thalamus (p=0.001) were significantly more frequent in PB patients. Neither the MS nor the HSV were correlated with the PB severity or recovery time. Key words: pusher behavior, stroke, postural control.Artigo Can somatosensory electrical stimulation relieve spasticity in post-stroke patients? A TMS pilot study(2017-05-05) Peres, André Salles Cunha; Souza, Victor Hugo; Catunda, João Marcos Yamasaki; Mazzeto-Betti, Kelley Cristine; Santos-Pontelli, Taiza Elaine Grespan; Vargas, Claudia Domingues; Baffa, Oswaldo; Araújo, Dráulio Barros de; Pontes-Neto, Octávio Marques; Leite, João Pereira; Garcia, Marco Antonio CavalcantiEvidence suggests that somatosensory electrical stimulation (SES) may decrease the degree of spasticity from neural drives, although there is no agreement between corticospinal modulation and the level of spasticity. Thus, stroke patients and healthy subjects were submitted to SES (3 Hz) for 30′ on the impaired and dominant forearms, respectively. Motor evoked potentials induced by single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation were collected from two forearm muscles before and after SES. The passive resistance of the wrist joint was measured with an isokinetic system. We found no evidence of an acute carry-over effect of SES on the degree of spasticity.Dissertação Dinâmica do status epilepticus em dois modelos animais de epilepsia do lobo temporal(2016-08-30) Bessa, Rafael dos Santos de; Pereira, Rodrigo Neves Romcy; Queiroz, Cláudio Marcos Teixeira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3384801391828521; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9209418339421588; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6313181480655294; Belchior, Hindiael Aeraf; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2815729240392635; Leite, João Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5191541542901913A epilepsia do lobo temporal (ELT) é a forma mais frequente de epilepsia em adultos, caracterizada clinicamente por um quadro progressivo de crises epilépticas com foco no lobo temporal, em particular no hipocampo. Dentre os modelos animais, os mais utilizados na investigação dos mecanismos fisiopatológicos desta condição geram crises recorrentes espontâneas através da indução inicial de um estado convulsivo sustentado (status epilepticus, SE) – por administração do agonista glutamatérgico ionotrópico, ácido caínico (AC) ou do agonista colinérgico muscarínico, pilocarpina (PILO). Entretanto, o uso de injeções sistêmicas e a falta de controle preciso sobre a duraçãodo SE geram alta mortalidade, morte celular dispersa e grande variabilidade comportamental durante a fase crônica da epilepsia, o que difere em vários aspectos do quadro humano. A nosso ver, este padrão decorre da ação sistêmica da droga e da dificuldade de controlar a atividade eletrográfica/tempo de SE a que cada animal é submetido, influenciando a dinâmica da epileptogênese. Portanto, este projeto teve como objetivo gerar modelos de ELT por infusão intra-hipocampal de AC e PILO em ratos e analisar seus comportamentos e atividade eletrofisiológica durante o SE. Vale ressaltar que ainda não há estudos eletrofisiológicos aprofundados sobre o modelo de PILO intra-hipocampal. Para isto, implantamos feixes de microeletrodos bilateralmente no hipocampo e unilateralmente no córtex pré-frontal medial (CPFm), junto a uma cânula no hipocampo ventral para infusão de AC ou PILO. Após a indução do SE analisamos a progressão comportamental e eletrofisiológica dos animais. O SE foi bloqueado após 2h por um coquetel anti-convulsivante mais potente do que o utilizado na maioria dos estudos atuais e os animais foram acompanhados por registros contínuos de vídeo-EEG sincronizado por até 72h. Sete dias após o SE, os animais foram sacrificados e seus cérebros retirados para verificação histológica da posição da cânula e eletrodos. Os registros de vídeo e de EEG foram analisados por inspeção visual e técnicas de análise de séries temporais. Nossos resultados mostraram que os animais PILO apresentam 1a crise comportamental com menor latência do que os animais tratados com AC, porém com severidade mais variável (AC: 90% animais classe 1 vs. PILO: 50% animais ≥classe 3, escala de Racine). Animais PILO também tiveram menor número de comportamentos do tipo wet-dog shakes que os animais AC, associado a um início de SE precoce comparado aos animais AC. Do ponto de vista eletrofisiológico, observamos oscilações de alta frequência (>150 Hz), comumente observadas na fase crônica da epilepsia, logo após a injeção de ambos convulsivantes (15-40 min antes do início do SE) concomitante às primeiras crises eletrográficas. Por fim, identificamos que o SE em ambos modelos exibe uma organização modular da atividade paroxística com vários níveis de ritmicidade sobrepostos. Nossos resultados indicam uma maior epileptogenicidade da PILO em relação ao AC e, que estas drogas produzem SE com dinâmicas distintas. Pudemos observar uma composição com módulos de oscilações sobrepostas repetidos periodicamente, módulos de hipersincronia sem oscilações acopladas e segmentos de atividade assíncrona. Nossos dados ressaltam a importância do registro eletrográfico durante o SE para melhor controlar as respostas individuais durante este período.Artigo Muscarinic and Nicotinic Modulation of Thalamo- Prefrontal Cortex Synaptic Pasticity In Vivo(2012-10-30) Bueno-Junior, Lezio Soares; Lopes-Aguiar, Cleiton; Ruggiero, Rafael Naime; Romcy-Pereira, Rodrigo Neves; Leite, João PereiraThe mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus (MD) is a rich source of afferents to the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Dysfunctions in the thalamo-prefrontal connections can impair networks implicated in working memory, some of which are affected in Alzheimer disease and schizophrenia. Considering the importance of the cholinergic system to cortical functioning, our study aimed to investigate the effects of global cholinergic activation of the brain on MD-mPFC synaptic plasticity by measuring the dynamics of long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD) in vivo. Therefore, rats received intraventricular injections either of the muscarinic agonist pilocarpine (PILO; 40 nmol/mL), the nicotinic agonist nicotine (NIC; 320 nmol/mL), or vehicle. The injections were administered prior to either thalamic high-frequency (HFS) or low-frequency stimulation (LFS). Test pulses were applied to MD for 30 min during baseline and 240 min after HFS or LFS, while field postsynaptic potentials were recorded in the mPFC. The transient oscillatory effects of PILO and NIC were monitored through recording of thalamic and cortical local field potentials. Our results show that HFS did not affect mPFC responses in vehicle-injected rats, but induced a delayed-onset LTP with distinct effects when applied following PILO or NIC. Conversely, LFS induced a stable LTD in control subjects, but was unable to induce LTD when applied after PILO or NIC. Taken together, our findings show distinct modulatory effects of each cholinergic brain activation on MD-mPFC plasticity following HFS and LFS. The LTP-inducing action and long-lasting suppression of cortical LTD induced by PILO and NIC might implicate differential modulation of thalamo-prefrontal functions under low and high input drive.Artigo Neuromodulation of hippocampal-prefrontal cortical synaptic plasticity and functional connectivity: implications for neuropsychiatric disorders(Frontiers In Cellular Neuroscience, 2021-10-11) Ruggiero, Rafael Naime; Rossignoli, Matheus Teixeira; Marques, Danilo Benette; Sousa, Bruno Monteiro de; Romcy-Pereira, Rodrigo Neves; Lopes-Aguiar, Cleiton; Leite, João PereiraThe hippocampus-prefrontal cortex (HPC-PFC) pathway plays a fundamental role in executive and emotional functions. Neurophysiological studies have begun to unveil the dynamics of HPC-PFC interaction in both immediate demands and longterm adaptations. Disruptions in HPC-PFC functional connectivity can contribute to neuropsychiatric symptoms observed in mental illnesses and neurological conditions, such as schizophrenia, depression, anxiety disorders, and Alzheimer’s disease. Given the role in functional and dysfunctional physiology, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms that modulate the dynamics of HPC-PFC communication. Two of the main mechanisms that regulate HPC-PFC interactions are synaptic plasticity and modulatory neurotransmission. Synaptic plasticity can be investigated inducing longterm potentiation or long-term depression, while spontaneous functional connectivity can be inferred by statistical dependencies between the local field potentials of both regions. In turn, several neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, noradrenaline, and endocannabinoids, can regulate the fine-tuning of HPC-PFC connectivity. Despite experimental evidence, the effects of neuromodulation on HPCPFC neuronal dynamics from cellular to behavioral levels are not fully understood. The current literature lacks a review that focuses on the main neurotransmitter interactions with HPC-PFC activity. Here we reviewed studies showing the effects of the main neurotransmitter systems in long- and short-term HPC-PFC synaptic plasticity. We also looked for the neuromodulatory effects on HPC-PFC oscillatory coordination. Finally, we review the implications of HPC-PFC disruption in synaptic plasticity and functional connectivity on cognition and neuropsychiatric disorders. The comprehensive overview of these impairments could help better understand the role of neuromodulation in HPC-PFC communication and generate insights into the etiology and physiopathology of clinical conditionsArtigo Persistent pusher behavior after a stroke(2011) Santos-Pontelli, Taiza Elaine Grespan; Pontes-Neto, Octavio Marques; Araújo, Dráulio Barros de; Santos, Antonio Carlos dos; Leite, João PereiraPusher behavior (PB) is a postural control disorder characterized by actively pushing away from the nonparetic side and resisting passive correction with a tendency to fall toward the paralyzed side.1 These patients have no awareness that their active pushing is counterproductive, which precludes the patients from standing without assistance. Several studies have already demonstrated that PB can occur in patients with lesions in both hemispheres, and PB is distinct from neglect and anosognosia.2-8 The high frequency of the association between PB and neurophysiological deficits might reflect an increased vulnerability of certain regions to stroke-induced injury rather than any direct involvement with the occurrence of PB.9,10 Traditionally, PB has only been reported in stroke patients; however, it has also been described under nonstroke conditions.8 Previous imaging studies have suggested the posterolateral thalamus as the brain structure that is typically damaged in pusher patients.4,11 Nevertheless, other cortical and subcortical areas, such as the insular cortex and post-central gyrus, have also been highlighted as structures that are potentially involved in the pathophysiology of PB.2,12-16Artigo Pre-ictal increase in theta synchrony between the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy(2016) Broggini, Ana Clara Silveira; Esteves, Ingrid Miranda; Romcy-Pereira, Rodrigo Neves; Leite, João Pereira; Leão, Richardson NavesThe pathologically synchronized neuronal activity in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) can be triggered by network events that were once normal. Under normal conditions, hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) work in synchrony during a variety of cognitive states. Abnormal changes in this circuit may aid to seizure onset and also help to explain the high association of TLE with mood disorders. We used a TLE rat model generated by perforant path (PP) stimulation to understand whether synchrony between dorsal hippocampal and mPFC networks is altered shortly before a seizure episode. We recorded hippocampal and mPFC local field potentials (LFPs) of animals with spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRSs) to verify the connectivity between these regions. We showed that SRSs decrease hippocampal theta oscillations whereas coherence in theta increases over time prior to seizure onset. This increase in synchrony is accompanied by a stronger coupling between hippocampal theta and mPFC gamma oscillation. Finally, using Granger causality we showed that hippocampus/mPFC synchrony increases in the pre-ictal phase and this increase is likely to be caused by hippocampal networks. The dorsal hippocampus is not directly connected to the mPFC; however, the functional coupling in theta between these two structures rises pre-ictally. Our data indicates that the increase in synchrony between dorsal hippocampus and mPFC may be predictive of seizures and may help to elucidate the network mechanisms that lead to seizure generation.Artigo Selective post-training time window for memory consolidation interference of cannabidiol into the prefrontal cortex: reduced dopaminergic modulation and immediate gene expression in limbic circuits(2017) Rossignoli, Matheus Teixeira; Lopes-Aguiar, Cleiton; Ruggiero, Rafael Naime; Silva, Raquel Araujo do Val da; Bueno-Junior, Lezio Soares; Kandratavicius, Ludmyla; Peixoto-Santos, José Eduardo; Crippa, José Alexandre; Hallak, Jaime Eduardo Cecilio; Zuardi, Antonio Waldo; Szawka, Raphael Escorsim; Anselmo-Franci, Janete; Leite, João Pereira; Romcy-Pereira, Rodrigo NevesThe prefrontal cortex (PFC), amygdala and hippocampus display a coordinated activity during acquisition of associative fear memories. Evidence indicates that PFC engagement in aversive memory formation does not progress linearly as previously thought. Instead, it seems to be recruited at specific time windows after memory acquisition, which has implications for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorders. Cannabidiol (CBD), the major non-psychotomimetic phytocannabinoid of the Cannabis sativa plant, is known to modulate contextual fear memory acquisition in rodents. However, it is still not clear how CBD interferes with PFC-dependent processes during post-training memory consolidation. Here, we tested whether intra-PFC infusions of CBD immediately after or 5 h following contextual fear conditioning was able to interfere with memory consolidation. Neurochemical and cellular correlates of the CBD treatment were evaluated by the quantification of extracellular levels of dopamine (DA), serotonin, and their metabolites in the PFC and by measuring the cellular expression of activity-dependent transcription factors in cortical and limbic regions. Our results indicate that bilateral intra-PFC CBD infusion impaired contextual fear memory consolidation when applied 5 h after conditioning, but had no effect when applied immediately after it. This effect was associated with a reduction in DA turnover in the PFC following retrieval 5 days after training. We also observed that post-conditioning infusion of CBD reduced c-fos and zif-268 protein expression in the hippocampus, PFC, and thalamus. Our findings support that CBD interferes with contextual fear memory consolidation by reducing PFC influence on cortico-limbic circuits.