Navegando por Autor "Hady, Ahmed El"
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Artigo Active neural coordination of motor behaviors with internal states(Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2022-09) Zhang, Yisi S; Takahashi, Daniel Yasumasa; Hady, Ahmed El; Liao, Diana A; Ghazanfar, Asif AThe brain continuously coordinates skeletomuscular movements with internal physiological states like arousal, but how is this coordination achieved? One possibility is that the brain simply reacts to changes in external and/or internal signals. Another possibility is that it is actively coordinating both external and internal activities. We used functional ultrasound imaging to capture a large medial section of the brain, including multiple cortical and subcortical areas, in marmoset monkeys while monitoring their spontaneous movements and cardiac activity. By analyzing the causal ordering of these different time series, we found that information flowing from the brain to movements and heart-rate fluctuations were significantly greater than in the opposite direction. The brain areas involved in this external versus internal coordination were spatially distinct, but also extensively interconnected. Temporally, the brain alternated between network states for this regulation. These findings suggest that the brain's dynamics actively and efficiently coordinate motor behavior with internal physiologyArtigo Chronic brain functional ultrasound imaging in freely moving rodents performing cognitive tasks(Elsevier BV, 2023-12) Hady, Ahmed El; Takahashi, Daniel Yasumasa; Sun, Ruolan; Akinwale, Oluwateniola; Boyd-Meredith, Tyler; Zhang, Yisi; Charles, Adam S.; Brody, Carlos D.Background: Functional ultrasound imaging (fUS) is an emerging imaging technique that indirectly measures neural activity via changes in blood volume. Chronic fUS imaging during cognitive tasks in freely moving animals faces multiple exceptional challenges: performing large durable craniotomies with chronic implants, designing behavioural experiments matching the hemodynamic timescale, stabilizing the ultrasound probe during freely moving behavior, accurately assessing motion artifacts, and validating that the animal can perform cognitive tasks while tethered. New method: We provide validated solutions for those technical challenges. In addition, we present standardized step-by-step reproducible protocols, procedures, and data processing pipelines. Finally, we present proof-of-concept analysis of brain dynamics during a decision making task. Results: We obtain stable recordings from which we can robustly decode task variables from fUS data over multiple months. Moreover, we find that brain wide imaging through hemodynamic response is nonlinearly related to cognitive variables, such as task difficulty, as compared to sensory responses previously explored. Comparison with existing methods: Computational pipelines in fUS are nascent and we present an initial development of a full processing pathway to correct and segment fUS data. Conclusions: Our methods provide stable imaging and analysis of behavior with fUS that will enable new experimental paradigms in understanding brain-wide dynamics in naturalistic behaviors